Sarcopenia como factor predictivo de dehiscencia de anastomosis en pacientes operados de cáncer de colon / Predictive value of sarcopenia for anastomotic dehiscense in colon cancer surgery

Resumen Introducción: Una complicación importante de la cirugía colorrectal es la dehiscencia de anastomosis (DA). El estado nutricional es uno de los factores importantes en la DA. Una forma objetiva para evaluar nutricionalmente a los pacientes es medir la sarcopenia, definida como disminución de masa muscular esquelética, que puede ser objetivada por análisis de Unidades Hounsfield (UH) y área muscular (AM) por medio de Tomografía Computarizada de Abdomen y Pelvis (TCAP). Objetivo: Evaluar si existe relación entre la DA y la presencia de sarcopenia detectada por medición de UH y AM en TCAP en pacientes sometidos a colectomía por cáncer. Materiales y Método: Estudio de casos y controles con estadística analítica. Se eligen de manera aleatoria 21 pacientes con DA y 40 sin DA. Se incluyen > 18 años, con colectomía por cáncer y anastomosis primaria. Fueron excluidos pacientes ostomizados, que no tuvieran TCAP preoperatoria o que éste no permitiera medir UH y AM. La evaluación imagenológica fue realizada por radiólogo experto. Resultados: La comparación entre grupos evidencia que son homogéneos con respecto al sexo (predomino hombres), edad (promedio 60 años) y localización. Se evidencia signos imagenológicos sugerentes de sarcopenia en el grupo de DA, puesto que existe disminución en UH con valores estadísticamente significativos y tendencia a presentar valores menores en el AM. Conclusiones: La presencia de sarcopenia evaluada por alteración de UH en estudio radiológico se correlaciona con DA, pudiendo ser un predictor de riesgo. La importancia de este hallazgo es que es un factor de riesgo potencialmente corregible.

Introduction: An important complication of colorectal surgery is anastomotic dehiscence (AD). Nutritional status is one of the important factors in AD. An objective way to evaluate the patients' nutritional status is to measure sarcopenia, which is the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. It is possible to standardize Sarcopenia using the analysis of the Hounsfield Units (HU) and the muscular area (MA) which consider Computed Tomography of Abdomen and Pelvis (CTAP). Aim: To evaluate whether there is a relationship between AD and the presence of sarcopenia detected by the measurement of HU and MA using CTAP. The situation considers patients undergoing colectomy for cancer. Materials and Method: Cases and controls were studied with analytical statistics. 21 patients with AD and 40 without AD were chosen randomly. They include > 18 years, with colectomy for cancer and primary anastomosis. Ostomized patients, who previous the surgery do not have CTAP or if it was not available to measure HU and MA, were excluded. The imaging evaluation was performed by an expert radiologist. Results: The comparison between groups shows that they are homogeneous with respect the sex (predominant men), age (average 60 years) and location. There are signs of imaging which suggest the presence of sarcopenia in the AD group. This is explained because there is an important statistical decrease in the HU values and a tendency to present lower MA values. Conclusions: The presence of sarcopenia due to alteration of HU in a radiological study is correlated with AD, and could be a predictor of risk. The importance of this finding is that this risk factor is potentially correctable.

Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados a dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal: análisis multivariado de 748 pacientes / Evaluation of the risk factors associated with anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery: multivariate analysis of 748 pacients

INTRODUCCIÓN: La dehiscencia anastomótica (DA) es una complicación severa en cirugía colorrectal con una incidencia que oscila entre 2 y 19%. La literatura internacional muestra numerosos estudios sobre la identificación de factores de riesgo (FR), mientras que en la nacional existen solo dos series que analizan esta complicación. OBJETIVO: Realizar una caracterización descriptiva de resultados institucionales y establecer la tasa de DA, sus factores de riesgo asociados y la mortalidad. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Serie de casos no concurrente, cuya muestra son pacientes consecutivos intervenidos de patología colorrectal con anastomosis primaria con o sin ostoma derivativo entre los años 2004 y 2016. Se realiza modelo de regresión logística univariable y multivariable. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 748 pacientes, 50,5% mujeres, media de edad fue 56,2. Las indicaciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes fueron cáncer colorrectal en 381 (50,9%) pacientes y enfermedad diverticular en 163 (21,8%). La DA fue de 5,6% (42/748) y la mortalidad fue de 2% (15/748), siendo de 1% para los electivos (7/681). En el análisis univariado encontramos que los FR que tuvieron significancia estadística fueron la albúmina (p < 0,001), altura anastomosis (p < 0,001), transfusión (p < 0,001), localización (colon derecho > izquierdo) (p = 0,011), mientras que en el análisis multivariado fueron la albúmina (p = 0,002) con un OR 3,64 (IC 95% 1,58-8,35) y transfusión (p = 0,015) con un OR 7,15 (IC 95% 1,46-34,91). CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestra serie es la más grande reportada en Chile, con resultados similares a estudios internacionales y nacionales. Establecemos que la hipoalbuminemia y la presencia de transfusiones intraoperatorias se asocian a alta tasa de DA.

INTRODUCTION: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication in colorectal surgery, its incidence ranges from 2 to 19%. In international literature, we found numerous studies on the identification of risk factors (RF), while in the national there are only two series that analyze this complication. AIM: Perform a descriptive characterization of institutional results and establish the AL rate, its associated risk factors and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Non-concurrent series of cases, whose sample is consecutive patients operated for colorectal pathology with primary anastomosis with or without a derivative ostoma between 2004 and 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression model was performed. RESULTS: There were 748 patients, 50.5% women, mean age was 56.2. The most frequent surgical indications were colorectal cancer in 381 (50.9%) patients and diverticular disease in 163 (21.8%). The AL was 5.6% (42/748) and the mortality was 2% (15/748), being 1% for the electives (7/681). In the univariate analysis, we found that the RF that had statistical significance were albumin (p < 0.001), anastomosis height (p < 0.001), transfusion (p < 0.001), location (right colon > left) (p = 0.011), while that in the multivariate analysis were albumin (p = 0.002) with an OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.58-8.35) and transfusion (p = 0.015) with an OR 7.15 (IC 95% 1.46-34.91). CONLUSION: Our series is the largest reported in Chile, with similar results to international and national studies. We establish that hypoalbuminemia and the presence of intraoperative transfusions are associated with a high rate of AL.

Fluorescent test accurately predicts leak of ischemic colon anastomosis in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate if fluorescein fluorescent test can predict dehiscence in a model of ischemic colonic anastomosis in rats. Methods: This experimental controlled trial randomly assigned 55 rats to four groups. Anastomoses were performed in non-ischemic colon segments (control group) and in ischemic colon segments measuring 1, 2 or 3 cm long (groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Fluorescein was injected and the tissues were examined under ultraviolet light. Seven days later, a second-look surgery was performed to check for the presence or absence of anastomosis dehiscence. Results: Twenty-four rats presented anastomotic dehiscence during the second-look surgery. Reticular and nonfluorescent patterns were significantly associated with the occurrence of anastomotic dehiscence. Fluorescein fluorescence had a sensitivity of 95.8%, specificity of 89.2%, positive predictive value of 88.4%, negative predictive value of 96.2%, and accuracy of 92.3% to predict anastomotic dehiscence. Conclusion: Fluorescein fluorescent test can accurately predict leak in a model of ischemic colonic anastomosis in rats.

Structural Analysis of Different Incision Sizes and Stromal Hydration in Cataract Surgery Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography

PURPOSE: To analyze healing changes of corneal wounds of different corneal incision sizes with or without stromal hydration in cataract surgery using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Cataract surgeries were performed by a single surgeon and 2.2- and 2.8-mm corneal incisions were made using a diamond blade (ME-759; Meyco, Biel-Bienne, Swiss). Patients were divided into four groups according to incision size (2.2 and 2.8 mm), and with/without stromal hydration. Fifteen eyes were assigned to each group and incision wounds were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography at 2 hours, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Corneal thickness, incision length and incision angle were measured and existence of epithelial, endothelial gaping and Descemet's membrane detachment was evaluated. RESULTS: Incision thickness was greater in the group with stromal hydration than in the group without on operation day (p < 0.05). Stromal hydration exerted greater influence in the 2.2-mm incision group than in the 2.8-mm incision group. Corneal thickness decreased more rapidly in the stromal hydration group than in the group with no hydration (p = 0.022). Endothelial gaping was greater in the 2.2-mm incision group than in the 2.8-mm incision group 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery (p = 0.035, p = 0.009, and p = 0.008, respectively). No other statistical significance was observed between the two groups (2.2 and 2.8 mm) during follow-up regarding corneal thickness, epithelial gaping and Descemet's membrane detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal wounds with a smaller incision could be more vulnerable to external stimuli such as stromal hydration and are less stable than those with a larger incision.

Rotura e deiscência de cicatriz uterina: estudo de casos em uma maternidade de baixo risco do sudeste brasileiro / Rupture and dehiscence of uterine scar: cases study at a low-risk maternity in the Brazilian Southeast

OBJETIVO: Analisar os casos de rotura uterina e deiscência de cicatriz uterina ocorridos em uma maternidade de baixo risco e apontar possibilidades de aprimoramento na abordagem dessas complicações. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo em uma maternidade de baixo risco com 30 leitos, que presta assistência às usuárias do sistema público de saúde. A investigação foi realizada por meio de busca dos casos em livros de registros de sala de parto e posterior leitura dos prontuários para coleta dos dados. As informações foram inseridas em formulário previamente elaborado para este estudo. Foram incluídos os casos de rotura uterina e deiscência de cicatriz uterina diagnosticados no período de 1998 a 2012, avaliados incidência, aspectos relacionados aos fatores de risco e diagnóstico, associação com o uso de misoprostol e ocitocina e desfechos observados. RESULTADOS: No período mencionado foram registrados 39.206 partos nessa instituição. A cesárea foi a conduta adotada em 10 mil partos, o que equivale a uma taxa de 25,5%. Foram identificados 12 casos de rotura uterina e 16 de deiscência de cicatriz uterina. Os resultados mais relevantes foram a alta mortalidade perinatal associada à rotura uterina e o insucesso no diagnóstico da complicação. Não foi possível demonstrar associações com o uso de misoprostol ou ocitocina. CONCLUSÃO: Os desfechos adversos da rotura uterina podem ser minimizados se esforços forem direcionados para melhorar o desempenho diagnóstico das equipes assistentes. .

PURPOSE: To evaluate the cases of uterine rupture and dehiscence of the uterine scar at a low-risk maternity and to point out possibilities for an improved approach to these complications. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted at a 30-bed low-risk maternity hospital that provides care to users of the public health system. The investigation was carried out by searching for cases in the delivery room registry book and later reading the medical records in order to obtain the data. The information was inserted on a form previously elaborated for this study. Cases of uterine rupure and dehiscence of the uterine scar diagnosed from 1998 to 2012 were included, with the determination of incidence, aspects related to risk factors and diagnosis, association with the use of misoprostol and oxytocin, and the outcomes observed. RESULTS: A total of 39,206 deliveries were performed in this maternity during the study period, with 12 cases of uterine rupture and 16 cases of dehiscence of uterine scar being observed. The most relevant results were a high perinatal mortality associated with uterine rupture and the unsuccessful diagnosis of this complications. It was not possible to demonstrate an association with the use of misoprostol or oxytocin. CONCLUSION: The adverse outcomes of uterine rupture could be minimized if efforts were directed at improving the diagnostic performance of the assisting teams. .

LASIK Interface-Captured Foreign Bodies after Mild Traumatic Corneal Scratch without Flap Displacement

A 38-year-old woman developed diffusely distributed opacities with crystalline materials in the laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) interface of her eye after she was scratched by a sprig during mountain climbing. No sign of flap displacement was noted. Despite two days of topical and systemic antibiotics therapy, the corneal infiltration with interface opacities persisted. The following day, the distribution of the crystalline materials had rotated in a counterclockwise direction. Flap lifting and foreign body removal using sufficient irrigation were performed. One month after surgery, the patient's postoperative uncorrected visual acuity was 0.8 with cleared interface. No signs of epithelial ingrowth or flap striae were noted. Mild traumatic corneal scratching without flap displacement may threaten the integrity of the LASIK interface. If foreign bodies are suspected to be the cause of inflammation, early flap lifting with irrigation is imperative for successful treatment.

Early diagnosis of anastomotic dehiscence after colonic surgery

Anastomotic leaks are often responsible for severe sepsis can lead to death. Rapid diagnosis and early intervention are needed to improve prognosis. To identify predictors of early diagnosis of anastomotic leakage after colonic resection followed by immediate anastomosis without protective stoma to ensure a rapid therapeutic care and improve prognosis. This retrospective study involved patients who had a colonic resection over a period from 1st January 1998 to December 31th, 2009. The diagnosis of anastomotic dehiscence was selected on clinical, radiological and / or surgery. Statistical analysis was undertaken to identify clinical and biological changes leading to early diagnosis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Anastomotic leaks were identified in 28 patients, a rate of 8.9%. Revision surgery was indicated in 23 patients. Univariate analysis identified 3 preoperative factors associated with anastomotic dehiscence [ASA score, the urgency of intervention, and neoplastic etiology], and 5 postoperative factors [parietal complications, respiratory problems, the cardiac disorders, neurological disorders, and bloating]. Multivariate analysis identified only three factors related to the anastomotic dehiscence, they were respiratory symptoms, bloating, and neurological disorders. The median length of stay was 15.6 days [5-84] The mortality rate was 1.2%. It was higher in patients with leakage [7.4%] than in patients without leakage [0.7%] Better knowledge of these early clinical and laboratory manifestations related to anastomotic leaks, can ask the early indication of a radiological drainage or reoperation, which can improve the prognosis of this dreaded disease

Factores de riesgo de dehiscencia de una anastomosis colorrectal grapada: análisis multivariado / Risk factors for dehiscence of stapled colorectal anastomosis

Propósito: La dehiscencia (DA) de una anastomosis colorrectal (CRA) se asocia con altos índices de morbi-mortalidad, lo que ha motivado la búsqueda de los factores de riesgo de esta complicación. El propósito de este estudio es analizar los factores predictivos de DA en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con una CRA grapada. Pacientes y método: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 380 pacientes (52 por ciento mujeres) con un promedio de edad de 60 años (extremos 16-88). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para estudiar la posible asociación entre la DA y 17 variables. Resultados: La DA ocurrió en 18 pacientes (4,7 por ciento). Hubo un 2 por ciento (6/295) de DA en el grupo de las CRA altas y 14 por ciento (12/85) en el grupo de CRA bajas (p=0.0001). De los 18 pacientes con DA, 10 requieren una reintervención y 8 fueron manejadas en forma conservadora. La mortalidad global de la serie fue 1,3 por ciento (5/380), dos de ellas debido a una DA. Al comparar los pacientes sin DA y con ella, la tasa de reoperaciones fue 3,8 por ciento y 56 por ciento (p< 0.0001), la tasa de infección de herida operatoria fue 6,6 por ciento y 50 por ciento (p< 0.0001), el tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue 10,7 y 27,9 días (p< 0.0001) y la mortalidad operatoria fue 0,5 por ciento y 11 por ciento (p<0.0001), respectivamente. En el análisis univariado el género masculino, la cirugía de urgencia, las anastomosis bajas, la radioterapia preoperatoria, la necesidad de una ileostomía de protección y el tiempo operatorio muestran una asociación estadísticamente significativa con el riesgo de sufrir una DA. En el análisis multivariado sólo el género, la altura de la anastomosis y el antecedente de radioterapia pélvica aparecen como variables independientes asociadas al riesgo de DA. Conclusión: Las anastomosis a menos de 8 cm del margen anal, la radioterapia preoperatoria y el género masculino son factores de riesgo independientes de DA clínica de una CRA que deben considerarse par...

Background: Dehiscence of colorectal anastomoses are associated with high rates of mortality and complications. Aim: To analyze the factors that predict dehiscence of stapled colorectal anastomoses. Material and methods: Prospective study of 380 patients aged 16 to 88 years (198 females). A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of anastomoses dehiscence and seventeen variables. Results: Eighteen patients (5%) had a dehiscence. This complication occurred in 6 of 295 high colorectal anastomoses (2%) and in 12 of 85 low colorectal anastomoses (14%, p< 0.001). Ten patients required a new operation and eight were managed conservatively. Five patients died (1.3%) and in two of these the dehiscence was the cause of death. Among patients with and without anastomotic dehiscence, the rate of re operation was 3.8 and 56% respectively (p< 0.01), wound infections occurred in 6 and 50% respectively (p< 0.01), mean hospital stay was 10.7 and 27.9 days respectively (p< 0.01) and operative mortality was 0.5 and 11 % respectively (p< 0.01). Multivariate analysis disclosed male gender, height of anastomosis and a history of pelvic radiation as predictive variables for anastomotic dehiscence. Conclusions: Anastomoses performed at less than 8 cm from the anal margin, preoperative radiation and male gender are risk factors for anastomotic dehiscence.

Factores asociados a la dehiscencia clínica de una anastomosis intestinal grapada: análisis multivariado de 610 pacientes consecutivos / Analysis of risk factors for clinical dehiscence of stapled anastomosis in 610 patients

Propósito: La dehiscencia de una anastomosis intestinal (DA) es una complicación grave, lo que ha motivado la búsqueda de factores de riesgo asociados con ella. El propósito de este estudio es analizar los factores predictivos de DA en una serie consecutiva de pacientes con una anastomosis grapada. Material y Método: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de 610 pacientes (54 por ciento mujeres) con un promedio de edad de 58,9 años (extremos 14-88). Las principales indicaciones quirúrgicas fueron el cáncer colorrectal (55 por ciento), la enfermedad diverticular (16 por ciento) y el megacolon (11 por ciento). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para estudiar la posible asociación entre la DA y 17 variables. Resultados: La DA ocurrió en 23 pacientes (3,8 por ciento). Hubo un 3 por ciento (9/300) de DA en el grupo de las anastomosis colo-rectales altas y 12 por ciento (9/73) en el grupo de anastomosis bajas (p=0.001). De los 23 pacientes con DA, 14 requieren una reintervención y 9 fueron manejadas en forma conservadora. La mortalidad global fue 1 por ciento (6/610), la mitad debido a complicaciones sépticas de la DA. Al comparar los pacientes sin y con DA, la tasa de reoperaciones fue 6,4 por ciento y 61 por ciento (p<0.0001), la tasa de infección de herida operatoria fue 6,6 por ciento y 61 por ciento (p<0.0001), el tiempo de hospitalización promedio fue 11 y 29,9 días (p<0.0001) y la mortalidad operatoria fue 0,5 por ciento y 13 por ciento (p<0.0001), respectivamente. En el análisis univariado el género, la altura de la anastomosis, el diámetro de la grapadora circular, el tiempo operatorio, el drenaje a la pelvis y el antecedente de radioterapia fueron significativas. En el análisis multivariado sólo el género (masculino), la altura de la anastomosis al margen anal y el antecedente de radioterapia pélvica se mantienen como variables independientes asociadas al riesgo de DA. Conclusión: Las anastomosis bajas, la radioterapia preoperatoria y el género...

Background: The dehiscence of an intestinal anastomosis is a devastating complication. Aim: To analyze risk factors for dehiscence of stapled anastomosis in a consecutive series of patients. Material and methods: Prospective study of 610 patients (age range 14-88 years, 329 females) subjected to a stapled intestinal anastomosis. The main diagnoses that motivated surgery were colorectal cancer in 55 percent, diverticular disease in 16 percent and megacolon in 11 percent. A logistic regression model was used to study the association between the risk of dehiscence and 17 independent variables. Results: Twenty three patients had a dehiscence of the anastomosis. The complication occurred in nine of 300 patients (3 percent) subjected to a high colorectal anastomosis and in nine of 73 patients (12 percent) subjected to a low colorectal anastomosis. Fourteen patients with dehiscence required a new surgical intervention and nine were managed conservatively. Six patients (1 percent) died due to septic complications of the dehiscence. Among patients with and without dehiscence, the rate of re-operations was 61 and 6.4 percent respectively, p < 0.001, the rate of surgical wound infections was 61 and 6.6 percent respectively, p< 0.001, and the hospital stay was 29.9 and 11 days respectively, p< 0.01. The factors significantly associated with dehiscence determined by univariate analysis were gender, the height of the anastomosis, the diameter of the circular stapler, operative time, the drainage to the pelvis and the history of radiotherapy. In the multivariate analysis, only the male gender, the height of the anastomosis, using the anal margin as landmark and the history of pelvic radiation, remained as significant predictors. Conclusions: A low anastomosis, previous radiation therapy and male gender are risk factors for clinical dehiscence of stapled anastomosis. A protective ostomy should be considered in patients with multiple risk factors.

Late dislocation of LASIK flap following fingernail injury.

A case of traumatic flap displacement with a fingernail injury four years after LASIK is reported.

Factores de riesgo para dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica / Risk factors for wound dehiscence

Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo para dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal. Material y método: revisión de expedientes y distribución en dos grupos: pacientes con dehiscencia de herida y sin ella. Se registraron sexo, edad, antecedentes patológicos, tipo de cirugía, complicaciones de la cirugía, estado nutricional y tiempo entre la cirugía y la dehiscencia. Resultados: de enero de 1987 a enero de 1997 se registraron 9,897 cirugías de las cuales 72 presentaron dehiscencia de herida quirúrgica. Cuarenta y ocho hombres y 24 mujeres; 33 operados electivamente y 39 urgentes. Grupo control con 74 pacientes. El órgano más afectado fue el colon; los antecedentes más frecuentes diabetes mellitus y enfermedad pulmonar. Los factores de riesgo con significancia estadística fueron infección de herida, hipoalbuminemia, enfermedad pulmonar crónica y tos. Conclusiones: los pacientes con factores de riesgo para dehiscencia de herida deben ser identificados y tratados para evitar esta complicación.

Es útil controlar radiológicamente las anastomosis colonicas? / Is effective the radiologic control for the colonic anastomosis?

Se presenta un estudio prospectivo de 50 anastomosis colónicas controladas radiológicamente entre el séptimo y duodécimo día de postoperatorio. Se controlaron 12 complicaciones anastomóticas (24%0, de las cuales solo 4 (8%) fueron detectadas clínicamente y 10 (20%) radiológicamente. La mortalidad fue de 3 pacientes (6%) de los cuales 2 tenían dehiscencias anastomóticas. El colon por enema sistemático puso en evidencia un mayor número de fístulas anastomóticas, pero no resultó útil para fijar estrategias terapéuticas postoperatorias, pudiendo ser responsable de imágenes falsamente negativas que retardan una reintervención. Se recomienda limitar su utilización a aquellos casos donde la evolución postoperatoria es de interpretación difícil